{"id":13429,"date":"2026-02-17T18:36:09","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T16:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/?page_id=13429"},"modified":"2026-10-09T15:31:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T13:31:03","slug":"victor-hugo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/en\/victor-hugo\/","title":{"rendered":"Victor Hugo"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13429\" class=\"elementor elementor-13429\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-overlay-color=\"#FC6C13\" data-dce-background-image-url=\"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/hugo.webp\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6214a03 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6214a03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-270fc0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"270fc0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eminescu-header-light\">\n    <span class=\"reveal-tag\">Destiny \u2022 Freedom \u2022 Eternity<\/span>\n    <div class=\"title-container\">\n        <h1 class=\"main-name-solid\">Victor<\/h1>\n        <h1 class=\"main-name-stroke\"> Hugo<\/h1>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Montserrat:wght@900&family=Playfair+Display:wght@900&display=swap');\n\n.eminescu-header-light {\n    text-align: center;\n    padding: 60px 20px;\n    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;\n    background: transparent; \n}\n\n\/* Eticheta de sus cu galbenul specific #F9C70C *\/\n.reveal-tag {\n    display: block;\n    font-weight: 900;\n    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}\n}\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#F7E0B8\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad3228f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ad3228f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55b844f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55b844f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca41bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ca41bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a533b82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"a533b82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"dce-breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li class=\"item-home\"><a class=\"bread-link bread-home\" href=\"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a><\/li><li class=\"separator separator-home\"> <span class=\"dce-separator\"> &gt; <\/span> <\/li><li class=\"item-current item-13429\"><span class=\"bread-current bread-13429\"> Victor Hugo<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#012F4A\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe04948 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe04948\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Voice of French Romantic Literature\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc4c7d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc4c7d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Victor Hugo profoundly shaped world literature with novels such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, combining romantic sensitivity with a strong social and humanitarian spirit.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff4051 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bff4051\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc55b97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc55b97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12474\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#F7E0B8\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb5aa79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eb5aa79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2397d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d2397d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#D62729\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-015758e elementor-align-justify buton-audio elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"015758e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">LISTEN<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0ea03a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0ea03a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FA6D12\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-780e4d6 elementor-align-justify buton-citeste elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"780e4d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">READ<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a840bbf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a840bbf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#F9C70C\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5838d7 elementor-align-justify buton-activitati elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f5838d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"#activitati\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Activities<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bf267f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bf267f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#01502B\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fac7b2 elementor-align-justify buton-vizioneaza elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2fac7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Watch<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EBEFF2\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a0738 citeste e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13a0738\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fbd9da elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9fbd9da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"brancusi-story-fix\">\r\n    <section class=\"story-body\">\r\n        <p class=\"drop-cap\">\r\n            \u201cThe freedom to love is no less sacred than the freedom to think.\u201d\r\n            \u201cThis baby will not survive,\u201d declared the midwife at Victor Hugo\u2019s birth. But Sophie, his mother, surrounded her baby with tenderness and love, and Victor survived! He grew up in Paris, at Les Feuillantines, with his two brothers and his mother. Their father, L\u00e9opold Hugo, was a general in Napoleon I\u2019s army.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            At school, he was a brilliant student. He wrote his first real poem at the age of twelve for a friend of his parents. At fourteen, he wrote in his journal:\r\n            \u201cI want to be Chateaubriand or nothing.\u201d\r\n            Chateaubriand was the author of <em>Atala<\/em>, a hugely successful novel.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <blockquote class=\"dialog-highlight\">\r\n            Victor possessed boundless ambition and fierce determination.\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            When the French Academy launched a poetry competition in 1817, Victor, only fifteen years old, quickly composed a poem that ranked ninth and earned him special recognition.\r\n            He spent most of his time writing and completed his second novel at sixteen.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            But his happy youth came to an end when he learned of the death of his mother, who had loved him deeply. He found love again with a childhood friend, Ad\u00e8le Foucher, whom he married once his financial situation became stable enough to support a family.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Their marriage followed their first tragedy: the death of their eldest son, L\u00e9opold, at the age of four months. Then came L\u00e9opoldine, their second child. What happiness for Victor, deeply in love with his wife and his little \u201cDidine.\u201d\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"at-rodin-box\">\r\n            <p>\r\n                His inspiration soared. He wrote a preface that would later be considered the manifesto of Romanticism, a new literary movement championed by young writers who wanted imagination and emotion to triumph.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <p>\r\n                At twenty-five, Victor Hugo became the leader of a new generation of authors: Balzac, Vigny, M\u00e9rim\u00e9e, Sainte-Beuve\u2026\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"final-quote\">\r\n                At twenty-six, Victor Hugo was already a celebrated writer. He decided to write a novel set in the Middle Ages: <em>Notre-Dame de Paris<\/em> (<em>The Hunchback of Notre-Dame<\/em>). It would remain a monument of paper and ink beside the old cathedral itself.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Upon its publication in 1831, it achieved enormous success.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Success followed success, but his personal life was beginning to crack apart\u2026 Victor discovered that his close friend Sainte-Beuve and his wife Ad\u00e8le were having an affair.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <blockquote class=\"dialog-highlight\">\r\n            \u201cHatred is the winter of the heart,\u201d he wrote in <em>Les Contemplations<\/em>.\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            After this painful experience, he found hope again when he met Juliette Drouet, a young Breton actress performing in his play <em>Lucr\u00e8ce Borgia<\/em> at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Porte Saint-Martin.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <blockquote class=\"dialog-highlight\">\r\n            \u201cAre we born twice? Yes. The first time, on the day we are born into life; the second time, on the day we are born into love.\u201d\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            That is what he wrote to her. The correspondence between Victor and Juliette is a unique monument in the history of romantic literature. He alone wrote between 20,000 and 25,000 letters to her. Their powerful love lasted fifty years. Yet Victor never considered leaving his wife.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Sadly, his heart would be broken once again after the death of his daughter L\u00e9opoldine, to whom he dedicated one of his most beautiful poems:\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <blockquote class=\"dialog-highlight\">\r\n            Tomorrow, at dawn, at the hour when the countryside whitens,<br>\r\n            I will depart. You see, I know that you await me.<br>\r\n            I will go through the forest, I will go across the mountains.<br>\r\n            I can no longer remain far from you.<br><br>\r\n\r\n            I will walk with my eyes fixed upon my thoughts,<br>\r\n            Without seeing anything outside, without hearing a sound,<br>\r\n            Alone, unknown, my back bent, my hands crossed,<br>\r\n            Sad, and for me the day will be like the night.<br><br>\r\n\r\n            I will look neither at the gold of the evening falling,<br>\r\n            Nor at the sails descending toward Harfleur in the distance,<br>\r\n            And when I arrive, I will place upon your grave<br>\r\n            A bouquet of green holly and flowering heather.\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            L\u00e9opoldine\u2019s death abruptly shattered the poet\u2019s inspiration. Victor then found an outlet in political life. In his speeches, he fiercely denounced social injustice and continued to proclaim his opposition to the death penalty.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            He would fight all his life for its abolition, regularly asking kings and foreign rulers for mercy so condemned prisoners could escape execution.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            After the abdication of King Louis-Philippe, the Second Republic was proclaimed in 1848. Gradually, Victor distanced himself from Prince-President Louis-Napol\u00e9on and eventually became his fiercest opponent.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <blockquote class=\"dialog-highlight\">\r\n            \u201cWhat! Because we once had Napoleon the Great, must we now have Napoleon the Little?\u201d\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            In 1851, Louis-Napol\u00e9on seized power through a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, and the government banished Victor Hugo from France. Sought by soldiers, he escaped by train to Belgium. A long exile began.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            During his exile, he lived in Jersey and then Guernsey, where he completed <em>Les Contemplations<\/em>, a poetry collection that achieved immediate success.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Yet this life in exile became a tremendous source of inspiration for the poet. Never before had he had so much time and mental freedom to write. It was in Guernsey that <em>Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em> was born.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            After the defeat of Napoleon III, Victor Hugo was finally able to return. His exile had lasted nineteen years.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            Very quickly, Hugo resumed his political activities. He was elected deputy and later senator. He became a passionate defender of human rights.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <blockquote class=\"dialog-highlight\">\r\n            \u201cYou have done nothing as long as those who are in the strength of their working years can be without bread! As long as those who are old and can no longer work are without shelter!\u201d\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            On May 22, 1885, the icon of French literature died at the age of eighty-three. A national mourning period was declared, and crowds paid tribute to him for an entire week.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n            His coffin was displayed beneath the Arc de Triomphe. His tomb lies in the Panth\u00e9on, the official resting place for France\u2019s greatest figures.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Montserrat:wght@400;700;900&family=Playfair+Display:wght@900&display=swap');\r\n\r\n.brancusi-story-fix {\r\n    max-width: 800px;\r\n    margin: 0 auto 80px;\r\n    padding: 0 20px;\r\n    font-family: 'Playfair Display', sans-serif;\r\n    line-height: 1.8;\r\n    color: #003049;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.story-body p { \r\n    margin-bottom: 25px; \r\n    font-size: 1.15rem; \r\n    text-align: justify;\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.drop-cap::first-letter {\r\n    float: left;\r\n    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;\r\n    font-size: 5rem;\r\n    line-height: 0.85;\r\n    padding-right: 15px;\r\n    padding-top: 5px;\r\n    color: #D62828;\r\n    font-weight: 900;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.dialog-highlight {\r\n    margin: 40px 0;\r\n    padding: 25px 35px;\r\n    background: #F5E0B7;\r\n    border-left: 6px solid #FB6C13;\r\n    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;\r\n    font-style: italic;\r\n    font-size: 1.3rem;\r\n    font-weight: 400;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.at-rodin-box {\r\n    margin: 50px 0;\r\n    padding: 40px;\r\n    background: #003049;\r\n    color: #F5E0B7;\r\n    border-radius: 20px;\r\n    box-shadow: 15px 15px 0 #F9C80E;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.at-rodin-box p { \r\n    color: #F5E0B7 !important; \r\n    text-align: left;\r\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.final-quote {\r\n    color: #F9C80E !important;\r\n    font-weight: 900 !important;\r\n    font-size: 1.45rem !important;\r\n    margin-top: 25px;\r\n    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);\r\n    padding-top: 20px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\r\n    .brancusi-story-fix {\r\n        padding: 0 15px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .drop-cap::first-letter {\r\n        font-size: 3.8rem;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .dialog-highlight {\r\n        padding: 20px;\r\n        font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .at-rodin-box {\r\n        padding: 25px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .final-quote {\r\n        font-size: 1.2rem !important;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c682a6 activitati e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1c682a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f67fde elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0f67fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/canvas-confetti@1.6.0\/dist\/confetti.browser.min.js\"><\/script>\n\n<div class=\"activity-hub-premium\" id=\"IconsHub\">\n\n    <div id=\"hub-menu\" class=\"hub-screen active-screen\">\n        <div class=\"hub-header\">\n            <h2 class=\"playfair-main-title\">Activities<\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"elegant-grid-5\">\n            <div class=\"elegant-card featured-quiz\" onclick=\"launchActivity('quiz')\">\n                <div class=\"card-icon-wrapper\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-info\">\n                    <h3 class=\"playfair-card-title\">Quiz<\/h3>\n                    <span class=\"elegant-btn\">Start<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"elegant-card\" onclick=\"launchActivity('x')\">\n                <div class=\"card-icon-wrapper\">\ud83e\udde9<\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-info\">\n                    <h3 class=\"playfair-card-title\">Mistery<\/h3>\n                    <span class=\"elegant-btn\">View<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"elegant-card\" onclick=\"launchActivity('y')\">\n                <div class=\"card-icon-wrapper\">\ud83d\udcda<\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-info\">\n                    <h3 class=\"playfair-card-title\">Reading Comprehension<\/h3>\n                    <span class=\"elegant-btn\">View<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"elegant-card\" onclick=\"launchActivity('z')\">\n                <div class=\"card-icon-wrapper\">\ud83d\udd52\ufe0f<\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-info\">\n                    <h3 class=\"playfair-card-title\">Timeline<\/h3>\n                    <span class=\"elegant-btn\">View<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"elegant-card\" onclick=\"launchActivity('w')\">\n                <div class=\"card-icon-wrapper\">\ud83c\udfae<\/div>\n                <div class=\"card-info\">\n                    <h3 class=\"playfair-card-title\">Game<\/h3>\n                    <span class=\"elegant-btn\">View<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"activity-stage\" class=\"hub-screen\" style=\"display:none;\">\n        <button onclick=\"backToMenu()\" class=\"btn-back-elegant\">\u2190 Back to menu<\/button>\n        <div id=\"activity-content-loader\" class=\"content-stage-box\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Montserrat:wght@400;600&family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,700;0,900;1,700&display=swap');\n\n*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n.activity-hub-premium { max-width: 1200px; margin: 60px auto; padding: 0 16px; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; color: #003049; scroll-margin-top: 120px; }\n.playfair-main-title { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 3.2rem); font-weight: 700; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 60px; line-height: 1.2; }\n.hub-screen { opacity: 0; transition: all 0.5s ease; display: none; }\n.active-screen { display: block !important; opacity: 1 !important; }\n\n.elegant-grid-5 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr); gap: 20px; }\n.elegant-card { background: #ffffff; border-radius: 25px; padding: 50px 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1); box-shadow: 0 5px 25px rgba(0, 48, 73, 0.05); border: 1px solid rgba(0, 48, 73, 0.08); }\n.elegant-card:hover { transform: translateY(-12px); box-shadow: 0 25px 50px rgba(0, 48, 73, 0.15); border-color: #FB6C13; }\n.elegant-card, .elegant-card * { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; }\n.playfair-card-title { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.5rem); font-weight: 700; margin: 20px 0; }\n.card-icon-wrapper { font-size: 4rem; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n.elegant-btn { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: #FB6C13; padding: 10px 35px; border: 1.5px solid #FB6C13; border-radius: 50px; transition: 0.3s; display: inline-block; }\n.elegant-card:hover .elegant-btn { background: #FB6C13; color: #fff; }\n.featured-quiz { background: #003049; color: #fff; border: none; }\n.featured-quiz .playfair-card-title { color: #fff; }\n.featured-quiz .elegant-btn { color: #F9C80E; border-color: #F9C80E; }\n.featured-quiz:hover .elegant-btn { background: #F9C80E; color: #003049; }\n\n.content-stage-box { background: #fff; border-radius: 35px; padding: 60px 50px; box-shadow: 0 40px 100px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); min-height: 500px; overflow: hidden; }\n.btn-back-elegant { background: transparent; color: #003049; border: 1.5px solid #003049; padding: 12px 35px; border-radius: 50px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 30px; transition: 0.3s; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; }\n.btn-back-elegant:hover { background: #003049; color: #fff; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500\u2500 QUIZ \u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.quiz-splash-elegant { text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\n.quiz-splash-elegant .splash-emoji { font-size: clamp(4rem, 10vw, 7rem); }\n.quiz-splash-elegant h2 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 4rem); margin: 10px 0 30px; }\n.btn-start-hero { background: #003049; color: #fff; border: none; padding: 20px 60px; border-radius: 60px; font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); cursor: pointer; transition: 0.4s; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; max-width: 100%; }\n.btn-start-hero:hover, .btn-start-hero:active { background: #FB6C13; transform: scale(1.05); }\n.quiz-progress-wrap { margin-bottom: 28px; }\n.quiz-progress-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n.quiz-progress-label span { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.85rem; color: #FB6C13; letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase; }\n.progress-track { width: 100%; height: 8px; background: #f0f0f0; border-radius: 99px; overflow: hidden; }\n.progress-fill { height: 100%; background: linear-gradient(90deg, #FB6C13, #F9C80E); border-radius: 99px; transition: width 0.5s ease; }\n.quiz-q-box { width: 100%; }\n.quiz-question-text { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 2rem); font-weight: 700; color: #003049; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height: 1.35; word-break: break-word; hyphens: auto; }\n#opts-wrap { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }\n.opt-btn-elegant { width: 100%; padding: 18px 24px; border: 1.5px solid #e8e8e8; border-radius: 18px; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; cursor: pointer; text-align: left; font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2vw, 1.1rem); transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s, transform 0.15s; background: #fff; color: #003049; line-height: 1.4; word-break: break-word; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }\n.opt-btn-elegant:hover:not(:disabled) { background: #003049 !important; color: #fff !important; border-color: #003049 !important; transform: translateX(4px); }\n.opt-btn-elegant:active:not(:disabled) { transform: scale(0.98); }\n.correct-style { background: #004F2D !important; color: #fff !important; border-color: #004F2D !important; }\n.wrong-style { background: #D62828 !important; color: #fff !important; border-color: #D62828 !important; }\n.quiz-result-box { text-align: center; padding: 10px 0 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 16px; }\n.quiz-result-emoji { font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 10vw, 6rem); }\n.quiz-result-score { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 5vw, 3.2rem); font-weight: 900; color: #003049; margin: 0; }\n.quiz-result-msg { font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.5vw, 1.4rem); color: #555; margin: 0 0 10px; max-width: 500px; line-height: 1.5; }\n.btn-retry { background: #003049; color: #fff; border: none; padding: 16px 50px; border-radius: 60px; font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.6rem); cursor: pointer; transition: 0.4s; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; width: auto; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; }\n.btn-retry:hover, .btn-retry:active { background: #FB6C13; transform: scale(1.05); }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500\u2500 ENIGMA \u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.enigma-stage { width: 100%; text-align: center; }\n.enigma-quote { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 3.5vw, 2.3rem); font-weight: 700; color: #003049; line-height: 1.4; max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto 12px; text-align: center !important; }\n.enigma-question { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; color: #004F2D; font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.8vw, 1.6rem); margin: 0 auto 35px; max-width: 720px; text-align: center !important; }\n.enigma-choices { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 24px; max-width: 620px; margin: 0 auto; }\n.enigma-choice { border: 4px solid transparent; border-radius: 20px; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; transition: transform 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s, border-color 0.3s, opacity 0.3s; background: #fff; padding: 0; line-height: 0; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; }\n.enigma-choice img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; aspect-ratio: 1 \/ 1; object-fit: cover; }\n.enigma-choice:hover:not(.locked) { transform: translateY(-8px); box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 48, 73, 0.2); border-color: #FB6C13; }\n.enigma-choice.locked { pointer-events: none; }\n.enigma-choice.correct-pick { border-color: #004F2D; box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(0,79,45,0.25); }\n.enigma-choice.wrong-pick { border-color: #D62828; box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(214,40,40,0.25); }\n.enigma-choice.dim { opacity: 0.4; }\n.enigma-feedback { margin-top: 30px; }\n.enigma-wrong-msg { color: #D62828; font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 1.8rem); margin: 0 0 18px; }\n.enigma-result { text-align: center; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 18px; padding: 10px 0; }\n.enigma-result-title { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 5vw, 3.2rem); font-weight: 900; color: #003049; margin: 0; }\n.enigma-result img { width: min(320px, 80%); border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0,48,73,0.2); }\n.enigma-playlist-label { font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.1em; color: #FB6C13; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 1rem; font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-style: italic; }\n.enigma-result p { color: #333; font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.5vw, 1.2rem); line-height: 1.6; max-width: 620px; margin: 0; }\n.enigma-result .en-col { text-align: left; max-width: 620px; }\n.enigma-result .en-col strong { color: #003049; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500\u2500 READING COMPREHENSION \u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.itext-wrap { width: 100%; max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; }\n.itext-main-title { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 4vw, 2.6rem); font-weight: 900; color: #003049; text-align: center; margin: 0 0 6px; }\n.itext-subtitle { text-align: center; color: #FB6C13; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0 0 36px; }\n.itext-section { margin-bottom: 48px; }\n.itext-section-head { color: #fff; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.25rem); padding: 14px 22px; border-radius: 12px; margin-bottom: 20px; }\n.itext-head-green { background: #2E6B4F; }\n.itext-head-red { background: #D62828; }\n.itext-head-orange { background: #FB6C13; }\n.itext-head-navy { background: #003049; }\n.itext-instruction { color: #333; font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.2vw, 1.15rem); margin: 0 0 20px; line-height: 1.5; }\n\n\/* Story text *\/\n.itext-story { background: #fdfbf6; border: 1px solid #eee; border-radius: 16px; padding: 22px 24px; margin-bottom: 44px; color: #333; line-height: 1.75; font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.1vw, 1.08rem); max-height: 460px; overflow-y: auto; }\n.itext-story p { margin: 0 0 14px; }\n.itext-story .itext-poem { font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #003049; line-height: 1.7; margin: 18px 0; }\n\n\/* Fields *\/\n.itext-block-field { margin-bottom: 14px; }\n.itext-block-field label { display: block; font-weight: 600; color: #003049; margin-bottom: 6px; }\n.itext-textarea { width: 100%; min-height: 70px; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1.5px solid #ddd; border-radius: 12px; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; color: #003049; resize: vertical; line-height: 1.6; }\n.itext-textarea:focus { outline: none; border-color: #FB6C13; }\n.itext-input { width: 100%; padding: 12px 16px; border: 1.5px solid #ddd; border-radius: 12px; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; color: #003049; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }\n.itext-input:focus { outline: none; border-color: #FB6C13; }\n.itext-input.ok { border-color: #004F2D; background: #eaf6ef; }\n.itext-input.no { border-color: #D62828; background: #fbeaea; }\n\n\/* Title matching *\/\n.itext-match-row { border: 1.5px solid #eee; border-radius: 14px; padding: 16px 18px; margin-bottom: 14px; transition: border-color 0.2s, background 0.2s; }\n.itext-match-excerpt { color: #333; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2vw, 1.02rem); }\n.itext-select { width: 100%; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1.5px solid #ddd; border-radius: 12px; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; color: #003049; background: #fff; cursor: pointer; }\n.itext-select:focus { outline: none; border-color: #FB6C13; }\n.itext-match-row.ok { border-color: #004F2D; background: #eaf6ef; }\n.itext-match-row.no { border-color: #D62828; background: #fbeaea; }\n\n\/* Reformulation *\/\n.itext-reform-item { margin-bottom: 22px; }\n.itext-reform-prompt { display: inline-block; background: #003049; color: #fff; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.82rem; padding: 5px 14px; border-radius: 50px; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n.itext-reform-original { color: #777; font-style: italic; margin: 0 0 10px; line-height: 1.5; }\n\n.itext-af-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.itext-af-text { flex: 1; min-width: 200px; color: #003049; line-height: 1.5; }\n.itext-af-btns { display: flex; gap: 10px; }\n\n.itext-btn { background: #003049; color: #fff; border: none; padding: 12px 32px; border-radius: 50px; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1rem; cursor: pointer; transition: 0.3s; margin-top: 18px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; }\n.itext-btn:hover { background: #FB6C13; }\n.itext-btn.secondary { background: transparent; color: #003049; border: 1.5px solid #003049; margin-left: 10px; }\n.itext-btn.secondary:hover { background: #003049; color: #fff; }\n.itext-examples { margin-top: 16px; background: #f6f8fa; border-left: 4px solid #FB6C13; border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0; padding: 16px 20px; color: #333; line-height: 1.7; display: none; }\n.itext-examples.show { display: block; }\n.itext-examples strong { color: #003049; }\n.itext-feedback-msg { margin-top: 14px; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.5; }\n.itext-download { text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 32px; border-top: 1px solid #eee; }\n.itext-download-text { color: #555; margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: 1.05rem; }\n.itext-btn-download { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 10px; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500\u2500 Responsive \u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n@media (max-width: 1024px) { .elegant-grid-5 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } }\n@media (max-width: 768px) { .elegant-grid-5 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } .content-stage-box { padding: 30px 20px; border-radius: 20px; } .btn-back-elegant { padding: 10px 24px; font-size: 0.9rem; } }\n@media (max-width: 560px) { .itext-btn.secondary { margin-left: 0; margin-top: 12px; } }\n@media (max-width: 480px) { .elegant-grid-5 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .activity-hub-premium { margin: 30px auto; } .content-stage-box { padding: 24px 16px; border-radius: 16px; min-height: auto; } .opt-btn-elegant { padding: 15px 18px; border-radius: 14px; } .enigma-choices { gap: 14px; } }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    const hugoData = [\n        { q: \"1. What was Victor Hugo\u2019s mother\u2019s name?\", a: [\"Juliette\", \"Ad\u00e8le\", \"Sophie\", \"L\u00e9opoldine\"], c: 2 },\n        { q: \"2. What did Victor enjoy doing when he was a child?\", a: [\"Hunting\", \"Reading, dreaming, and inventing stories\", \"Building ships\", \"Playing the piano\"], c: 1 },\n        { q: \"3. What did Victor Hugo write when he was only twelve years old?\", a: [\"A play\", \"A newspaper\", \"His first real poem\", \"A school textbook\"], c: 2 },\n        { q: \"4. What was the name of the famous writer Victor Hugo admired?\", a: [\"Voltaire\", \"Chateaubriand\", \"Moli\u00e8re\", \"Balzac\"], c: 1 },\n        { q: \"5. Which novel is about the cathedral in Paris and the characters Quasimodo and Esmeralda?\", a: [\"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", \"The Man Who Laughs\", \"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (Notre-Dame de Paris)\", \"Ninety-Three\"], c: 2 },\n        { q: \"6. Which famous book did Victor Hugo write during his exile?\", a: [\"The Three Musketeers\", \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", \"The Happy Prince\", \"Treasure Island\"], c: 1 },\n        { q: \"7. What did Victor Hugo fight for?\", a: [\"More wars\", \"The wealth of the nobility\", \"Freedom, justice, and helping the poor\", \"Conquering other countries\"], c: 2 },\n        { q: \"8. Why is Victor Hugo still remembered today?\", a: [\"Because he was a king\", \"Because he was a general\", \"Because he wrote moving stories and defended freedom and justice\", \"Because he discovered a chemical element\"], c: 2 },\n        { q: \"9. What nickname did Victor Hugo give to his daughter L\u00e9opoldine?\", a: [\"Coco\", \"Mimi\", \"Didine\", \"Lili\"], c: 2 },\n        { q: \"10. How old was Victor Hugo when he became the leader of a new generation of writers?\", a: [\"18 years old\", \"17 years old\", \"25 years old\", \"55 years old\"], c: 2 }\n    ];\n\n    let score = 0;\n    let currentIdx = 0;\n    const TOTAL = hugoData.length;\n\n    \/\/ \u2500\u2500 Enigma images \u2500\u2500\n    const ENIGMA_CORRECT = \"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/16.jpg\";\n    const ENIGMA_WRONG   = \"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6.jpg\";\n\n    \/\/ \u2500\u2500 PDFs \u2500\u2500\n    const IT_PDF  = \"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Hugo-IT-Engl.pdf\";\n    const IT_PDF2 = \"https:\/\/afostodata.ro\/europeanicons\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Hugo-2-IT-Engl.pdf\";\n\n    \/\/ \u2500\u2500 Title matching \u2500\u2500\n    const HUGO_TITLES = [\"Childhood and vocation\", \"Literary success\", \"Personal tragedies\", \"Political commitment\", \"Exile and recognition\"];\n    const HUGO_MATCH = [\n        { excerpt: \"He is born in Paris and grows up at Les Feuillantines with his brothers and his mother. At 12 he writes his first poem and notes in his diary: \u201cI want to be Chateaubriand or nothing.\u201d\", title: \"Childhood and vocation\" },\n        { excerpt: \"He writes the manifesto-preface of Romanticism, becomes at 25 the leader of the new generation of writers, and publishes \u201cNotre-Dame de Paris\u201d (1831), an enormous success.\", title: \"Literary success\" },\n        { excerpt: \"His private life cracks: his wife\u2019s affair with Sainte-Beuve, his love for Juliette Drouet and, above all, the death of his daughter L\u00e9opoldine, for whom he writes a heartbreaking poem.\", title: \"Personal tragedies\" },\n        { excerpt: \"He finds an outlet in political life: he denounces social injustice, opposes the death penalty and becomes the fiercest opponent of Louis-Napoleon.\", title: \"Political commitment\" },\n        { excerpt: \"He lives in exile in Jersey and Guernsey, where he writes \u201cLes Mis\u00e9rables\u201d. After 19 years he returns, becomes a senator, and at his death (1885) is buried in the Panth\u00e9on.\", title: \"Exile and recognition\" }\n    ];\n\n    \/\/ \u2500\u2500 Reformulation (with answers) \u2500\u2500\n    const HUGO_REFORM = [\n        { prompt: \"Compound past \u2192 imperfect\", original: \"Victor grew up in Paris, at Les Feuillantines, with his two brothers and his mother.\", keys: [\"was growing\"], answer: \"Victor was growing up in Paris, at Les Feuillantines, with his two brothers and his mother.\" },\n        { prompt: \"Compound past \u2192 pluperfect\", original: \"He wrote his first real poem at the age of 12 to a friend of his parents.\", keys: [\"had written\"], answer: \"He had written his first real poem at the age of 12 to a friend of his parents.\" },\n        { prompt: \"Imperfect \u2192 simple past\", original: \"Victor spent his time writing.\", keys: [\"spent\"], answer: \"Victor spent his time writing.\" },\n        { prompt: \"Present \u2192 imperfect\", original: \"Victor is very much in love with his wife and his \u2018Didine\u2019.\", keys: [\"was\"], answer: \"Victor was very much in love with his wife and his \u2018Didine\u2019.\" },\n        { prompt: \"Narrative present \u2192 simple past\", original: \"Victor discovers that his close friend Sainte-Beuve and his wife are having a love affair.\", keys: [\"discovered\", \"were having\"], answer: \"Victor discovered that his close friend Sainte-Beuve and his wife were having a love affair.\" }\n    ];\n\n    function itextNorm(s) {\n        return (s || \"\").normalize('NFD').replace(\/[\\u0300-\\u036f]\/g, '').toLowerCase();\n    }\n    function hasWord(text, word) {\n        const t = itextNorm(text);\n        const w = itextNorm(word).replace(\/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]\/g, '\\\\$&');\n        return new RegExp('(^|[^a-z0-9])' + w + '([^a-z0-9]|$)').test(t);\n    }\n\n    window.launchActivity = function(type) {\n        document.getElementById('IconsHub').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\n        document.getElementById('hub-menu').classList.remove('active-screen');\n\n        setTimeout(() => {\n            document.getElementById('hub-menu').style.display = 'none';\n            const stage = document.getElementById('activity-stage');\n            stage.style.display = 'block';\n            setTimeout(() => stage.classList.add('active-screen'), 50);\n\n            if(type === 'quiz') {\n                score = 0; currentIdx = 0;\n                window.showQuizIntro();\n            } else if(type === 'x') {\n                window.showEnigma();\n            } else if(type === 'y') {\n                window.showTextComprehension();\n            } else if(type === 'w') { document.getElementById('activity-content-loader').innerHTML = '<style>@media (max-width:768px){#activity-content-loader .ei-game{margin:-30px -20px;}#activity-content-loader .ei-game iframe{height:calc(100svh - 110px);min-height:560px;border-radius:0 !important;}}@media (max-width:480px){#activity-content-loader .ei-game{margin:-24px -16px;}}<\/style><div class=\"ei-game\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/match-minds-game.lovable.app\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" style=\"border:0;display:block;border-radius:16px;\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Matching game \u2013 Victor Hugo\"><\/iframe><\/div>'; }\n            else {\n                document.getElementById('activity-content-loader').innerHTML = `<h2 class=\"playfair-main-title\">Activity ${type.toUpperCase()}<\/h2><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Coming soon...<\/p>`;\n            }\n        }, 500);\n    };\n\n    window.backToMenu = function() {\n        document.getElementById('IconsHub').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\n        document.getElementById('activity-stage').classList.remove('active-screen');\n        setTimeout(() => {\n            document.getElementById('activity-stage').style.display = 'none';\n            const menu = document.getElementById('hub-menu');\n            menu.style.display = 'block';\n            setTimeout(() => menu.classList.add('active-screen'), 50);\n        }, 500);\n    };\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 ENIGMA \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n    window.showEnigma = function() {\n        const loader = document.getElementById('activity-content-loader');\n        const options = [\n            { img: ENIGMA_CORRECT, correct: true },\n            { img: ENIGMA_WRONG,   correct: false }\n        ];\n        if (Math.random() < 0.5) options.reverse();\n\n        loader.innerHTML = `\n            <div class=\"enigma-stage\">\n                <p class=\"enigma-quote\">\u201cEven the darkest night will end and the sun will rise.\u201d<\/p>\n                <p class=\"enigma-question\">Who do you think could have said it?<\/p>\n                <div class=\"enigma-choices\">\n                    ${options.map((o, i) => `\n                        <div class=\"enigma-choice\" data-correct=\"${o.correct}\" onclick=\"window.enigmaChoose(this)\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"${o.img}\" alt=\"Personality ${i + 1}\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                        <\/div>`).join('')}\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"enigma-feedback\" id=\"enigma-feedback\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>`;\n    };\n\n    window.enigmaChoose = function(el) {\n        const choices = document.querySelectorAll('.enigma-choice');\n        const isCorrect = el.dataset.correct === 'true';\n        choices.forEach(c => c.classList.add('locked'));\n\n        if (isCorrect) {\n            el.classList.add('correct-pick');\n            choices.forEach(c => { if (c !== el) c.classList.add('dim'); 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Try again.<\/p>\n                <button class=\"btn-retry\" onclick=\"window.showEnigma()\">Try again<\/button>`;\n        }\n    };\n\n    window.showEnigmaResult = function() {\n        document.getElementById('activity-content-loader').innerHTML = `\n            <div class=\"enigma-result\">\n                <h2 class=\"enigma-result-title\">It's Victor Hugo<\/h2>\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"${ENIGMA_CORRECT}\" alt=\"Victor Hugo\">\n                <span class=\"enigma-playlist-label\">Picturing the journey from darkness to light<\/span>\n                <p>Students fold the sheet in half:<\/p>\n                <div class=\"en-col\">\n                    <p><strong>Left side \u2014 The night:<\/strong> students illustrate challenges, fears, obstacles and difficult emotions. They can use dark colours, abstract shapes, storms, shadows, mountains or other symbols.<\/p>\n                    <p><strong>Right side \u2014 The dawn:<\/strong> students illustrate dreams, goals, hope, strength and positive change. They can use warm colours like yellow, orange, pink and gold.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                <button class=\"btn-retry\" onclick=\"window.showEnigma()\">Play again<\/button>\n            <\/div>`;\n\n        if (typeof confetti === 'function') {\n            confetti({ particleCount: 90, spread: 75, origin: { y: 0.6 }, colors: ['#FB6C13', '#F9C80E', '#003049'] });\n        }\n    };\n\n    \/* \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 READING COMPREHENSION \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n    window.showTextComprehension = function() {\n        const loader = document.getElementById('activity-content-loader');\n        const order = HUGO_MATCH.map((m, i) => i).sort(() => Math.random() - 0.5);\n\n        loader.innerHTML = `\n            <div class=\"itext-wrap\">\n                <h2 class=\"itext-main-title\">Love, Mourning and Creation in Victor Hugo<\/h2>\n                <p class=\"itext-subtitle\">Reading Comprehension \u00b7 Victor Hugo<\/p>\n\n                <div class=\"itext-story\">\n                    <p>\u201cThis baby will not survive,\u201d declares the midwife at Victor Hugo\u2019s birth. But Sophie, his mother, surrounds her baby with tenderness and love, and Victor survives! He grows up in Paris, at Les Feuillantines, with his two brothers and his mother. Their father, L\u00e9opold Hugo, is a general in Napoleon I\u2019s army.<\/p>\n                    <p>At school, he is a brilliant pupil. He writes his first real poem at the age of 12 for a friend of his parents. At 14, he writes in his diary: \u201cI want to be Chateaubriand or nothing.\u201d Chateaubriand, the author of Atala, a successful novel.<\/p>\n                    <p>He has boundless ambition and fierce determination. When the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise launches a poetry competition in 1817, Victor, who is only 15, quickly composes a poem that is ranked 9th and earns him a mention. He spends most of his time writing and, at 16, completes his second novel.<\/p>\n                    <p>But his happy youth ends when he learns of the death of his mother, who had loved him so much. He finds love again with a childhood friend, Ad\u00e8le Foucher, whom he will marry once his economic situation is suitable for the family. Their marriage was followed by their first ordeal after the death of L\u00e9opold, their eldest son, at the age of four months. Then came L\u00e9opoldine, their second daughter. What happiness for Victor, deeply in love with his wife and his \u201cDidine\u201d.<\/p>\n                    <p>His inspiration takes flight. He writes a preface that will be considered the manifesto of \u201cRomanticism\u201d. A new literary movement defended by young writers who want sensitivity and imagination to triumph.<\/p>\n                    <p>At 25, Victor Hugo becomes the leader of the new generation of young authors: Balzac, Vigny, M\u00e9rim\u00e9e, Sainte-Beuve...<\/p>\n                    <p>At 26, Victor Hugo is already a recognized writer. He decided to write a novel set in the Middle Ages, Notre-Dame, which would remain a monument of paper and ink beside the old cathedral. As soon as it was published in 1831, it met with enormous success.<\/p>\n                    <p>Successes follow one after another, but his private life is beginning to crack... Victor discovers that his great friend Sainte-Beuve and his wife, Ad\u00e8le, are having a love affair. \u201cHatred is the winter of the heart,\u201d he writes in Les Contemplations.<\/p>\n                    <p>After this painful experience, he will find hope again when he meets Juliette Drouet, a young Breton actress who was performing in his play Lucr\u00e8ce Borgia at the Porte Saint-Martin theatre. \u201cAre we born twice? Yes: the first time, on the day we are born to life; the second time, on the day we are born to love.\u201d He will write to her.<\/p>\n                    <p>The correspondence between Victor and Juliette is a unique monument in the history of love literature. To her alone, he wrote between 20,000 and 25,000 letters. This powerful love would last fifty years. Yet Victor would never consider leaving his wife.<\/p>\n                    <p>Unfortunately, his heart would be broken again after the death of his daughter L\u00e9opoldine, for whom he would write the most beautiful poem:<\/p>\n                    <p class=\"itext-poem\">Tomorrow, at dawn, when the countryside grows pale,<br>I shall leave. You see, I know that you are waiting for me.<br>I shall go through the forest, I shall go over the mountain.<br>I cannot remain far from you any longer.<br><br>I shall walk with my eyes fixed on my thoughts,<br>seeing nothing outside, hearing no sound,<br>alone, unknown, back bent, hands crossed,<br>sad, and the day for me will be like night.<br><br>I shall not look at the gold of evening falling,<br>nor at the distant sails descending toward Harfleur,<br>and when I arrive, I shall place on your grave<br>a bouquet of green holly and flowering heather.<\/p>\n                    <p>L\u00e9opoldine\u2019s death abruptly broke the poet\u2019s inspiration. Victor then finds an outlet in political life. In his speeches, he forcefully denounces social injustice and continues to proclaim his opposition to the death penalty.<\/p>\n                    <p>He will fight all his life for its abolition, regularly asking the king and foreign sovereigns for clemency so that condemned prisoners can escape execution.<\/p>\n                    <p>After King Louis-Philippe\u2019s abdication, the Second Republic is proclaimed in 1848. Little by little, Victor distances himself from the prince-president Louis-Napoleon.<\/p>\n                    <p>He finally becomes his fiercest opponent. \u201cWhat! Because we had Napoleon the Great, must we have Napoleon the Little?\u201d In 1851, Louis-Napoleon seizes power through a coup d\u2019\u00c9tat and the government banishes Victor Hugo from France. Soldiers search for him, but he escapes on a train bound for Belgium. A long exile begins.<\/p>\n                    <p>During his exile, he lived in Jersey, then in Guernsey, where he would finish Les Contemplations, a collection of poems that met with immediate success. This life in exile would nevertheless become a formidable engine for the poet\u2019s inspiration. Never had he had so much time and mental availability to write. It is in Guernsey that Les Mis\u00e9rables is born.<\/p>\n                    <p>After the defeat of Napoleon III, Victor Hugo can finally return: his exile will have lasted 19 years. Very quickly, Hugo resumes his political activities. He is elected deputy, then senator. He becomes an ardent defender of human rights. \u201cYou have done nothing as long as those in the prime of life who work can be without bread! As long as those who are old and can no longer work are without shelter!\u201d<\/p>\n                    <p>On 22 May 1885, the icon of French literature dies at the age of 83. National mourning is proclaimed, and crowds pay tribute to him for a week. The coffin is displayed under the Arc de Triomphe. His tomb is in the Panth\u00e9on, the official burial place for great French personalities.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"itext-section\">\n                    <div class=\"itext-section-head itext-head-green\">1. First reading \u2014 subject and objective<\/div>\n                    <p class=\"itext-instruction\">After a first reading of the text, identify: the main theme, the subject of the text and its objective.<\/p>\n                    <div class=\"itext-block-field\"><label>Main theme:<\/label><textarea class=\"itext-textarea\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"itext-block-field\"><label>Subject of the text:<\/label><textarea class=\"itext-textarea\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"itext-block-field\"><label>Objective of the text:<\/label><textarea class=\"itext-textarea\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n                    <button class=\"itext-btn secondary\" data-label=\"See a possible answer\" onclick=\"window.itextToggleExamples('ex-first', this)\" style=\"margin-left:0;\">See a possible answer<\/button>\n                    <div class=\"itext-examples\" id=\"ex-first\">\n                        <strong>Main theme:<\/strong> love, mourning and creation in Victor Hugo\u2019s life.<br>\n                        <strong>Subject:<\/strong> Victor Hugo\u2019s life journey, from childhood and his first writings, to literary success, personal tragedies, political commitment, exile and recognition.<br>\n                        <strong>Objective:<\/strong> to show how his personal experiences (love, losses, exile) nourished his literary creation and his fight for justice.\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"itext-section\">\n                    <div class=\"itext-section-head itext-head-red\">2. Match the titles to the parts of the text<\/div>\n                    <p class=\"itext-instruction\">Read the text again and match each excerpt with the appropriate title.<\/p>\n                    ${order.map((idx, i) => `\n                        <div class=\"itext-match-row\">\n                            <p class=\"itext-match-excerpt\">${HUGO_MATCH[idx].excerpt}<\/p>\n                            <select class=\"itext-select\" data-answer=\"${HUGO_MATCH[idx].title}\">\n                                <option value=\"\">\u2014 Choose the title \u2014<\/option>\n                                ${HUGO_TITLES.map(t => `<option value=\"${t}\">${t}<\/option>`).join('')}\n                            <\/select>\n                        <\/div>`).join('')}\n                    <button class=\"itext-btn\" onclick=\"window.itextCheckMatch()\">Check the matches<\/button>\n                    <div class=\"itext-feedback-msg\" id=\"match-msg\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"itext-section\">\n                    <div class=\"itext-section-head itext-head-orange\">3. Reformulation exercise<\/div>\n                    <p class=\"itext-instruction\">Reformulate each sentence by changing the tense of the verb, without changing the meaning.<\/p>\n                    ${HUGO_REFORM.map((r, i) => `\n                        <div class=\"itext-reform-item\">\n                            <span class=\"itext-reform-prompt\">${r.prompt}<\/span>\n                            <p class=\"itext-reform-original\">\u201c${r.original}\u201d<\/p>\n                            <input class=\"itext-input\" id=\"reform-${i}\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"off\" placeholder=\"Write the reformulated sentence...\">\n                        <\/div>`).join('')}\n                    <button class=\"itext-btn\" onclick=\"window.itextCheckReform()\">Check the reformulations<\/button>\n                    <button class=\"itext-btn secondary\" data-label=\"See the corrections\" onclick=\"window.itextToggleExamples('ex-reform', this)\">See the corrections<\/button>\n                    <div class=\"itext-feedback-msg\" id=\"reform-msg\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"itext-examples\" id=\"ex-reform\">\n                        ${HUGO_REFORM.map(r => `<strong>${r.prompt}:<\/strong><br>${r.answer}<br><br>`).join('')}\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"itext-download\">\n                    <p class=\"itext-download-text\">The activity worksheets in PDF format:<\/p>\n                    <a href=\"${IT_PDF}\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" download class=\"itext-btn itext-btn-download\">\ud83d\udcc4 Worksheet 1 \u2014 Text and titles<\/a>\n                    <a href=\"${IT_PDF2}\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" download class=\"itext-btn itext-btn-download secondary\">\ud83d\udcc4 Worksheet 2 \u2014 Reformulation<\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>`;\n    };\n\n    window.itextCheckMatch = function() {\n        const sels = document.querySelectorAll('.itext-select');\n        let ok = 0, answered = 0;\n        sels.forEach(sel => {\n            const row = sel.closest('.itext-match-row');\n            row.classList.remove('ok', 'no');\n            if (!sel.value) return;\n            answered++;\n            if (sel.value === sel.dataset.answer) { ok++; row.classList.add('ok'); }\n            else row.classList.add('no');\n        });\n        const msg = document.getElementById('match-msg');\n        if (answered < sels.length) {\n            msg.style.color = '#D62828';\n            msg.innerText = 'Complete all ' + sels.length + ' matches.';\n            return;\n        }\n        const allOk = ok === sels.length;\n        msg.style.color = allOk ? 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